**Interview with Bola A. Akinterinwa**
**Interviewer**: Bola, you’ve raised some significant concerns about the future of democratic governance in Africa. You’ve suggested that the continent could become another conflict zone, akin to Ukraine or the Israel-Palestine situation. What do you think is driving this potential for conflict?
**Akinterinwa**: The root of these tensions lies in disagreements over democratic governance, particularly reflecting the struggles for independence among White South Africans and the broader geopolitical rivalry between Russia and the United States. Africa often becomes a proxy battleground in this rivalry. For instance, while organizations like the African Union and ECOWAS advocate for zero tolerance towards unconstitutional government changes, we’ve witnessed a troubling increase in such changes, especially in Francophone Africa.
**Interviewer**: Why do you think coups appear to be more prevalent in Francophone Africa?
**Akinterinwa**: Many of these coups can often be traced back to failed democratic succession processes. A case in point is the death of Chadian President Idris Déby, after which his son was promptly installed as the military’s choice for successor. This pattern has been evident in countries like Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Gabon. These military actions signal a deep frustration with what is perceived as neo-colonialism and a yearning for genuine sovereignty. It’s crucial to consider why these upheavals predominantly occur in former French colonies and what underlying issues this reveals.
**Interviewer**: What do you see as the fundamental issue regarding democracy in these regions?
**Akinterinwa**: The central dilemma is the conflict between the African Union’s commitment to constitutional order and the people’s desire to free themselves from perceived French neo-colonialism. This struggle not only stunts development across Africa but also threatens the unity and integration efforts that were outlined in historic agreements like the Lagos Plan of Action and the Abuja Treaty.
**Interviewer**: Can you discuss the historical context of coups in Africa, particularly when comparing Francophone and Anglophone countries?
**Akinterinwa**: After independence, military coups were a prominent feature in many former British colonies, with nations like Sudan, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria experiencing numerous coups. The differences here can be attributed to the colonial legacies—British colonial rule tended to foster a coup mentality, while French colonies were initially perceived as more stable democracies. However, that perception of stability has significantly eroded over the years; events like the assassination of Togo’s President Olympio by French-supported forces illustrate a deeper story of foreign interference and manipulation.
**Interviewer**: With recent coups in countries like Mali and Gabon, what do these actions signify about governance and the feelings of the populace?
**Akinterinwa**: Recent coups point to a significant resistance against established regimes, particularly those characterized by dynastic rule or perceived illegitimacy—take Ali Bongo in Gabon, for example. Citizens are increasingly disillusioned with leaders who manipulate electoral systems, prompting military interventions that are often framed as efforts to restore democratic values. Unfortunately, this cycle trivializes the essence of democracy.
**Interviewer**: What challenges do you foresee regarding autonomy for White South Africans?
**Akinterinwa**: The demand for autonomy among White South Africans adds a new layer to the political identity and governance discourse in the region. South Africa has historically been a battleground for anti-colonial resistance, and now we might see potential conflict over identity and governance. The African Union and Nigeria are faced with a dilemma: should they support the black majority or allow for the self-determination of White South Africans?
**Interviewer**: How do you view the role of foreign powers in these issues?
**Akinterinwa**: Historically, foreign powers have intervened in African matters, often backing regimes that align with their strategic interests. With today’s superpower rivalries, we could see an increase in support for various factions within nations, complicating internal strife. This situation underscores the need for countries like Nigeria to cultivate citizen diplomacy and critically reevaluate their foreign policies to mitigate undue influences.
**Interviewer**: Do you think that democratic governance in Africa has become a burden?
**Akinterinwa**: Without a doubt. Democracy can lead to the manipulation of constitutions and results in leaders who cling to power rather than serving their people. This issue is aggravated by actions taken by powerful nations that claim to uphold democratic values while actively undermining them. We’re witnessing a distinct decline in liberal democracy, not only in Africa but also in countries like the United States.
**Interviewer**: As we wrap up, what do you envision as the way forward for democratic governance in Africa amidst these challenges?
**Akinterinwa**: We need to reassess what democracy means in the African context, focusing on accountability, genuine citizen participation, and promoting localized governance that truly addresses the needs of the people. This will require a concerted effort from African leaders to redefine their commitment to democracy and prioritize the collective will of their citizens over foreign interests.
