On October 16, 1964, a momentous event unfolded in the remote deserts of northwest China—a deafening boom marked the successful detonation of China’s first atomic bomb, affectionately nicknamed “Lao Qiu” or “Old Qiu.”
As the clock struck eight, this atomic bomb, characterized by its spherical shape akin to a ball—hence the homophonic name “Qiu,” which means “ball”—was ready. The cables connecting its detonator resembled a girl’s braids, while the container holding it was often referred to as a “vanity table.” The bomb being delivered to the launch site was described as “moving into its house.”
This monumental achievement not only represented a significant leap in national defense technology but also reverberated through history, inspiring generations of scientists and researchers. “Lao Qiu” was indeed the prelude to further advancements, including China’s first hydrogen bomb and the successful launch of its first artificial satellite, “Dongfanghong No. 1.” These accomplishments have garnered global attention, showcasing China’s remarkable ability to thrive despite limited resources.
Academician Hu Side from the Chinese Academy of Engineering has observed that the successful development of both atomic and hydrogen bombs has greatly contributed to national security and enhanced China’s standing on the international stage, fostering advancements in many scientific fields domestically.
Behind these historic milestones were countless dedicated scientists who often worked anonymously. For example, Qian Sanqiang returned to China from abroad, stating that while science knows no borders, scientists do belong to their countries. Zhu Guangya encouraged his peers to contribute their skills to the nation, later reflecting that his life was dedicated to nuclear research for China.
In 1999, ahead of the National Day celebrations, 23 scientists who made significant contributions to the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” project were honored with the “Meritorious Medal for Two Bombs and One Satellite,” including 17 who had worked at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
On this year’s October 16, the Chinese Academy of Sciences reopened the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” Memorial Hall to the public. The museum has updated its exhibits and expanded its collections, showcasing over 5,000 valuable artifacts related to the development of the “Two Bombs, One Satellite,” many of which are displayed for the first time.
As a representative of those who experienced this pivotal era, academician Hou Xun emphasized the need for new generations of scientists to uphold and promote the spirit of the “Two Bombs, One Satellite.” He urged them to focus on national needs, prioritize self-reliance, and drive independent innovation in their research endeavors.
This year marks the 25th anniversary of the articulation of the “Two Bombs, One Satellite” spirit, which continues to shine brightly, motivating and inspiring younger generations in space exploration.
On June 25, during the centennial celebration of Deng Jiaxian, a key figure in nuclear development, China’s Chang’e 6 mission successfully landed a sample return capsule from the moon’s far side. This historic achievement—considered a unique tribute to Deng’s dedication, as he worked undercover for 28 years for China’s nuclear endeavors—signified a valuable contribution to science.
The success of the atomic bomb explosion was more than a national achievement; it served as a solemn declaration to the world demonstrating China’s confidence and capability to maintain and uphold peace. On the day of “Lao Qiu’s” unveiling, the Chinese government made a formal commitment that it would never be the first to use nuclear weapons under any circumstances.
This year, China submitted a working document to the second preparatory committee of the 11th Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons concerning the commitment not to use nuclear weapons first. On October 16, the foreign ministry reiterated that history and reality show that this policy helps to enhance strategic mutual trust, fosters nuclear disarmament progress, effectively reduces strategic risks, and promotes global strategic balance and stability. China remains willing to work with all parties towards the complete prohibition and destruction of nuclear weapons, striving for a world free of nuclear arms.
